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8 The Focus Four Hazards

Safety Manual · 2026 Edition · Rev 2.0 · Effective August 2026 · Owner DF

OSHA's 'Focus Four' cause the large majority of construction fatalities. Every 3F project plans for them explicitly:

  • Falls — the leading killer in construction. See Section 9.

  • Struck-by — vehicles, falling/flying objects, rigging failures. Controls: high-visibility apparel near equipment and traffic; spotters for backing equipment; never position under suspended loads; debris netting/canopies and hard-hat zones; secure materials stored at height.

  • Caught-in/between — trench cave-ins, rotating equipment, pinch points. Controls: protective systems for excavations (Section 16), machine guarding, lockout, and keeping clear of swing radii.

  • Electrocution — contact with power lines and energized parts. See Section 14.

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